Sleep disturbances were higher during lockdown compared to no lockdown, 42.49% versus 37.97%. Six major populations were identified the estimated prevalence of sleep problem was 52.39% among patients infected with COVID-19, 45.96% among children and adolescents, 42.47% among healthcare workers, 41.50% among special populations with healthcare needs, 41.16% among university students, and 36.73% among the general population. This provides reassurance that the estimated rate using classical meta-analysis is robust. Bayesian meta-analysis revealed an odds of 0.68 which translates to a rate of approximately 41%. During COVID-19, the estimated global prevalence of sleep disturbances was 40.49%. Two hundred and fifty studies comprising 493,475 participants from 49 countries were included. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to develop random-effect meta-analyses. Eleven databases and six preprint repositories were searched for the period from November 1, 2019, to July 15, 2021.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the extent of sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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